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2021
Carrick, Jane; Lustic, Caitlin; Linnan, Diego; Schopmeyer, Stephanie; Bartels, Erich; Burdeno, Dan; Dahlgren, Craig; Galvan, Victor Manuel; Gilliam, Dave; Goergen, Liz; Gore, Shannon; Griffin, Sean; Hernandez-Delgado, Edwin A.; Hesley, Dalton; Levy, Jessica; Lewis, Kemit Amon; Luce, Shelby; Maxwell, Kerry; Mercado, Samantha; Miller, Margaret; Nemeth, Michael; Toledo-Hernandez, Carlos; Ruiz-Diaz, Claudia P.; Suleiman-Ramos, Samuel E.; Walter, Cory; Williams, Dana
Hurricane Impacts on Reef Restoration: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly Book Chapter
In: pp. 483-509, 2021.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Coral propagation, Coral reef restoration, Hurricane Impacts, Restoration recommendations, Storm damage
@inbook{Carrick2021,
title = {Hurricane Impacts on Reef Restoration: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly},
author = {Jane Carrick and Caitlin Lustic and Diego Linnan and Stephanie Schopmeyer and Erich Bartels and Dan Burdeno and Craig Dahlgren and Victor Manuel Galvan and Dave Gilliam and Liz Goergen and Shannon Gore and Sean Griffin and Edwin A. Hernandez-Delgado and Dalton Hesley and Jessica Levy and Kemit Amon Lewis and Shelby Luce and Kerry Maxwell and Samantha Mercado and Margaret Miller and Michael Nemeth and Carlos Toledo-Hernandez and Claudia P. Ruiz-Diaz and Samuel E. Suleiman-Ramos and Cory Walter and Dana Williams},
url = {https://sampr.org/carrick-et-al-2021-hurricane-impacts-restoration/},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-07-03},
journal = {Active Coral Restoration: Techniques for a Changing Planet },
pages = {483-509},
abstract = {The impacts of hurricanes and tropical storms on coral reef organisms have been well documented. Impacts of storms on reefs have ranged from minor to devastating, with extreme cases resulting in the destruction of the reef framework. Coral taxa with shallow distributions and branching morphologies, like the Caribbean Acropora palmata and Acropora cervicornis, are especially susceptible to strong storms and experience severe fragmentation.
Coral reef restoration, using both sexually and asexually produced corals, has undergone a dramatic expansion in both the number of projects and the number of corals being propagated and outplanted in recent years. Presently, programs around the Caribbean outplant tens of thousands of coral colonies grown within in situ and ex situ nurseries on a yearly basis.
Here, we report the impacts of three major storms—Hurricane Matthew (Sept. 28-Oct. 10, 2016; max sustained winds = 165 mph), Hurricane Irma (Aug. 30-Sept. 12, 2017; max sustained winds = 180 mph), and Hurricane Maria (Sept. 17-Sept. 25, 2017; max sustained winds = 175 mph)—on reef restoration programs found along the path of these destructive storms, based on the collective observations made by reef restoration practitioners from the United States (Florida, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico), the Bahamas, the Dominican Republic, and the British Virgin Islands.
The information evaluated includes impacts on different coral species, nursery types, and outplanted corals. The impacts on outplanted corals were also compared to impacts on wild colonies found in the same habitats. The goal of this collaborative effort was not only to document the impacts of the storms on restoration resources and corals, but also to highlight the lessons learned from these disturbances and suggest ways in which restoration programs can be improved can better prepare and mitigate the impacts of storms in the future. Our findings show that nursery damage was primarily due to wave and water energetic damage, as well as sedimentation impacts, while damage to outplanted coral colonies was primarily due to fragmentation and sediment burial.
Based on observed impacts, restoration program managers provide a suite of recommendations to mitigate future storm damages. These include modifying anchor deployments for floating structures, raising low-profile structures, and trimming nursery coral stock prior to a storm.},
keywords = {Coral propagation, Coral reef restoration, Hurricane Impacts, Restoration recommendations, Storm damage},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
The impacts of hurricanes and tropical storms on coral reef organisms have been well documented. Impacts of storms on reefs have ranged from minor to devastating, with extreme cases resulting in the destruction of the reef framework. Coral taxa with shallow distributions and branching morphologies, like the Caribbean Acropora palmata and Acropora cervicornis, are especially susceptible to strong storms and experience severe fragmentation.
Coral reef restoration, using both sexually and asexually produced corals, has undergone a dramatic expansion in both the number of projects and the number of corals being propagated and outplanted in recent years. Presently, programs around the Caribbean outplant tens of thousands of coral colonies grown within in situ and ex situ nurseries on a yearly basis.
Here, we report the impacts of three major storms—Hurricane Matthew (Sept. 28-Oct. 10, 2016; max sustained winds = 165 mph), Hurricane Irma (Aug. 30-Sept. 12, 2017; max sustained winds = 180 mph), and Hurricane Maria (Sept. 17-Sept. 25, 2017; max sustained winds = 175 mph)—on reef restoration programs found along the path of these destructive storms, based on the collective observations made by reef restoration practitioners from the United States (Florida, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico), the Bahamas, the Dominican Republic, and the British Virgin Islands.
The information evaluated includes impacts on different coral species, nursery types, and outplanted corals. The impacts on outplanted corals were also compared to impacts on wild colonies found in the same habitats. The goal of this collaborative effort was not only to document the impacts of the storms on restoration resources and corals, but also to highlight the lessons learned from these disturbances and suggest ways in which restoration programs can be improved can better prepare and mitigate the impacts of storms in the future. Our findings show that nursery damage was primarily due to wave and water energetic damage, as well as sedimentation impacts, while damage to outplanted coral colonies was primarily due to fragmentation and sediment burial.
Based on observed impacts, restoration program managers provide a suite of recommendations to mitigate future storm damages. These include modifying anchor deployments for floating structures, raising low-profile structures, and trimming nursery coral stock prior to a storm.
Coral reef restoration, using both sexually and asexually produced corals, has undergone a dramatic expansion in both the number of projects and the number of corals being propagated and outplanted in recent years. Presently, programs around the Caribbean outplant tens of thousands of coral colonies grown within in situ and ex situ nurseries on a yearly basis.
Here, we report the impacts of three major storms—Hurricane Matthew (Sept. 28-Oct. 10, 2016; max sustained winds = 165 mph), Hurricane Irma (Aug. 30-Sept. 12, 2017; max sustained winds = 180 mph), and Hurricane Maria (Sept. 17-Sept. 25, 2017; max sustained winds = 175 mph)—on reef restoration programs found along the path of these destructive storms, based on the collective observations made by reef restoration practitioners from the United States (Florida, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico), the Bahamas, the Dominican Republic, and the British Virgin Islands.
The information evaluated includes impacts on different coral species, nursery types, and outplanted corals. The impacts on outplanted corals were also compared to impacts on wild colonies found in the same habitats. The goal of this collaborative effort was not only to document the impacts of the storms on restoration resources and corals, but also to highlight the lessons learned from these disturbances and suggest ways in which restoration programs can be improved can better prepare and mitigate the impacts of storms in the future. Our findings show that nursery damage was primarily due to wave and water energetic damage, as well as sedimentation impacts, while damage to outplanted coral colonies was primarily due to fragmentation and sediment burial.
Based on observed impacts, restoration program managers provide a suite of recommendations to mitigate future storm damages. These include modifying anchor deployments for floating structures, raising low-profile structures, and trimming nursery coral stock prior to a storm.